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ARM programs use three methods to work around this, all of which Native Client exploits:. Native Client runs an untrusted program, potentially from an unknown or malicious source, inside a sandbox created by a trusted runtime. The untrusted program and trusted runtime inhabit the same process, or virtual address space, maintained by the operating system. To keep the trusted runtime behaving the way we expect, we must prevent the untrusted program from accessing and modifying its internals.
Instead, we isolate the untrusted program from the trusted runtime. Unlike modern operating systems, we use a cooperative isolation method.
The details vary on each platform, but in general, the untrusted program:. Instead, we apply a load-time validator that disassembles the program. The validator either proves that the program complies with our rules, or rejects it as unsafe.
By keeping the rules simple, we keep the validator simple, small, and fast. In the original Native Client system for the x86, we used unusual hardware features of that processor the segment registers to isolate untrusted programs.
Instead, we use pure software fault isolation. The rest of the address space holds the trusted runtime and the operating system. We isolate the program by requiring every load , store , and indirect branch to an address in a register to use a pseudo-instruction.
The pseudo-instructions ensure that the address stays within the sandbox. At either side of the sandbox, we place small 8KiB guard regions. Finally, we ban the use of certain instructions, notably direct system calls.
This is to ensure that the untrusted program can be run on any operating system supported by Native Client, and to prevent access to certain system features that might be used to subvert the sandbox. As a side effect, it helps to prevent programs from exploiting buggy operating system APIs. All access to memory must be through load and store pseudo-instructions. These are simply a native load or store instruction, preceded by a guard instruction. Each load or store pseudo-instruction is similar to the load shown below.
The first instruction, bic , clears the top two bits of rA. The second instruction, ldr , uses the previously-sandboxed address to load a value. This address might not be the address that the program intended, and might cause an access to an unmapped memory location within the sandbox: bic forces the address to be valid, by clearing the top two bits.
This is a no-op in a correct program. This illustrates a common property of all Native Client systems: we aim for safety, not correctness. A program using an invalid address in rA here is simply broken, so we are free to do whatever we want to preserve safety. In this case the program might load an invalid but safe value, or cause a segmentation fault limited to the untrusted code.
Now, if we allowed arbitrary branches within the program, a malicious program could set up carefully-crafted values in rA , and then jump straight to the ldr. This is why we validate that programs never split pseudo-instructions.
The first instruction, tst , performs a bitwise- AND of rA and the modified immediate literal, 0xC It sets the condition flags based on the result, but does not write the result to a register. In particular, it sets the Z condition flag if the result was zero—if the two values had no set bits in common. The second instruction, ldreq , is a conditional load if equal.
As we mentioned before, nearly all ARM instructions can be made conditional. Here, the condition is EQ , which causes the instruction to execute only if the Z flag is set. Thus, when the pseudo-instruction executes, the tst sets Z if and only if the value in rA is an address within the bounds of the sandbox, and then the ldreq loads if and only if it was. If rA held an invalid address, the load does not execute, and rD is unchanged.
ARM has an unusually rich set of addressing modes. We allow all but one: register-indexed, where two registers are added to determine the address. We permit simple load and store , as shown above. We also permit displacement, pre-index, and post-index memory operations:.
In each case, we know rA points into the sandbox when the ldr executes. ARM compilers regularly use conditional load and store , so we should support this in Native Client. We do so by defining alternate, predictable pseudo-instructions. Here is a conditional store store-if-greater-than using this pseudo-instruction sequence:.
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In Softonic we scan all the files hosted on our platform to assess and avoid any potential harm for your device. Our team performs checks each time a new file is uploaded and periodically reviews files to confirm or update their status. This comprehensive process allows us to set a status for any downloadable file as follows:. We have scanned the file and URLs associated with this software program in more than 50 of the world's leading antivirus services; no possible threat has been detected.
Based on our scan system, we have determined that these flags are possibly false positives.
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